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When we hear about high blood sugar, we often think about food. However, your blood sugar can increase even if you haven't eaten anything at all. Here are five unexpected reasons for these changes and what you need to understand about them. Dr. Pranav Ghody, a specialist in endocrinology and diabetes at Wockhardt Hospitals in Mumbai Central, explains that stress, lack of sleep, physical activity, illnesses, and hormonal shifts can all elevate your blood sugar levels. For instance, stress releases cortisol, which signals your liver to release stored sugar for energy. This can be helpful in emergencies, but it's not as beneficial during everyday stress. Dr. Ghody stated, "Having one poor night of sleep can temporarily increase insulin resistance in your body, which causes glucose to stay in your bloodstream longer."

Physical activity, particularly intense workouts or resistance training, can also result in short-term increases as your body provides sugar for energy, although in the long run, this helps manage blood sugar better. "When you are unwell or have an infection, your immune system requires extra energy in the form of sugar," Dr. Ghody added. Additionally, hormonal fluctuations, especially during menstrual cycles, perimenopause, and menopause, can lead to the body becoming less responsive to insulin, resulting in blood sugar level changes. Dr. Ghody mentioned that these spikes aren't always negative. "For example, short-term increases after working out or during an immune response are normal and necessary. However, ongoing stress, consistent lack of sleep, or ongoing hormonal issues can result in long-term blood sugar problems, which require attention. Women in their 40s and 50s may particularly see differences in weight, energy, or mood because of how hormones affect blood sugar," explained Dr. Ghody.

Recognizing these triggers is the first step. It's important to manage stress through relaxation methods, focus on getting good sleep, and maintain a consistent exercise routine. "Seeing a healthcare provider for hormonal issues or long-term concerns can really help. If you notice unusual blood sugar spikes, especially without changes in what you eat, it’s a good idea to talk to your doctor," advised Dr. Ghody. Changes in blood sugar aren’t always linked to your diet; understanding these hidden triggers can assist you in taking better charge of your health.